Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy :
The energy possessed by an object due to its height is known as gravitational potential energy. When an object is raised through a certain height above the ground, its energy increases.This is because the work is done on it against gravity while it is moving upwards. Similarly when an object is allowed to fall from higher level to a lower level it gains speed due to gravitational pull, i.e., it gains kinetic energy. Therefore, as the distance of the object from the ground level is increasing, the body is converting its kinetic energy into potential energy. The magnitude of its gravitational potential energy is equivalent to the amount of work done by the weight of the body in causing the fall.
Expression for Potential Energy:
If a mass m is at a height h above a lower level, the P.E. possessed by the mass is given by the equation
PE = mgh
Since h is the height of an object above a specified level, an object below the specified level has negative potential energy.
We know that energy in a body is due to its position is defined as the energy stored in the body. If position of the body changes with the application of the external force the change in potential energy is equal to the amount of work done on the body by the forces.
Consider an object lying at the ground. Here the potential energy is zero and its weight is acting downwards.
As the object is placed at a height h above the groun d level we have to apply minimum force mg equal to the weight of the object.
Thus work is being done against gravity is being converted into to potential energy
Work done = Force X displacement
W = F X s
As force F = mg
displacement s = h
Therefore, W = mg X h
PE = mgh
The energy results from the force of attraction mg between the earth and the object. From Newton's third law of motion, the earth and the object attract each other. In actual we can say that the energy mgh is not the potential energy of the object alone - it is the energy of the object- earth system.
An object can have different potential energy with respect to different height.. Thus potential energy of an object is a relative term as it depends on the height between the two objects.
Illustration: Calculate height through which the object of mass 1 Kg we raised so that it gains a potential energy of 98 J.
Solution:Given
mass m = 1 Kg
PE = 98 J
h = ?
Height can be calculated using the expression for the potential energy
PE = mgh
A stone of mass 2 kg is raised through 2 m height : | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
When a body is moving up with constant velocity: | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
An object of mass 2 kg is raised through a height h. Its potential energy is increased by 2 J. Find the height h. | |||
| Right Option : A | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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